“This could greatly expand hair restoration surgery to women and to younger patients.
“Now it is largely restricted to the treatment of male-pattern baldness in patients with stable disease.”
The research develops earlier work by Professor Colin Jahoda at the University of Durham, who co-led the new study which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
For the first time, scientists have shown that it is possible to renew follicles capable of sprouting human hair.The follicles grow naturally from clumps of cells called dermal papillae that play a pivotal role in hair growth.Scientists harvested dermal papillae from seven human donors, cloned them in the laboratory, and transplanted them into human skin grafted onto the backs of mice.
In five of the tests, the transplants resulted in new hair growth that lasted at least six weeks. DNA analysis confirmed that the new hair follicles were human and a genetic match to the donors.
Although the research is at an early state, the British and American team is confident clinical trials could begin “in the near future”.
Professor Angela Christiano, from Columbia University Medical Centre in New York, said: “Current hair-loss medications tend to slow the loss of hair follicles or potentially stimulate the growth of existing hairs, but they do not create new hair follicles. Neither do conventional hair transplants, which relocate a set number of hairs from the back of the scalp to the front.
“Our method, in contrast, has the potential to actually grow new follicles using a patient’s own cells. This could greatly expand the utility of hair restoration surgery to women and to younger patients – now it is largely restricted to the treatment of male-pattern baldness in patients with stable disease.”
Dermal papillae are small cells found at the base of hair follicles. The research develops earlier work led by Professor Colin Jahoda at the University of Durham showing that in rodents dermal papillae could easily be harvested and transplanted back into the skin.
In rodents, the transplanted cells tended to clump together spontaneously and reprogramme the recipient’s skin to grow new hair follicles.
The new research followed the lessons learned in rodents by encouraging human cells to clump together in the same way.
“Dermal papilla cells give rise to hair follicles, and the notion of cloning hair follicles using inductive dermal papilla cells has been around for 40 years or so,” said Prof Jahoda, who co-led the research published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“However, once the dermal papilla cells are put into conventional, two-dimensional tissue culture, they revert to basic skin cells and lose their ability to produce hair follicles. So we were faced with a Catch-22: how to expand a sufficiently large number of cells for hair regeneration while retaining their inductive properties.”
The technique may offer new hope to women as well as men who suffer from baldness, say the scientists. It also raises the prospect of new treatments for burns victims.
“About 90% of women with hair loss are not strong candidates for hair transplantation surgery because of insufficient donor hair,” said Prof Christiano. “This method offers the possibility of inducing large numbers of hair follicles or rejuvenating existing hair follicles, starting with cells grown from just a few hundred donor hairs. It could make hair transplantation available to individuals with a limited number of follicles, including those with female-pattern hair loss, scarring alopecia, and hair loss due to burns.”
Prof Jahoda said more work was needed to explore the properties of hair generated by newly grown follicles, and the interaction between transplanted dermal papillae and host cells.
He added: “Ultimately we think that this study is an important step toward the goal of creating a replacement skin that contains hair follicles for use with, for example, burn patients.”
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A breakthrough technique that can generate human hair growth shows promise for treating baldness in men and women, a new study suggests.
“If it works in humans, it actually opens up the possibility of hair restoration for many more patients than are currently available,” study co-leader Angela Christiano, a dermatology professor at Columbia University Medical Center, told NBC News.
In the study, Christiano and colleagues took dermal papillae — cells inside the base of human hair follicles — from seven donors and cloned the cells in tissue culture. After a few days, the cells were transplanted onto human skin that had been grafted onto the backs of mice.
The transplants resulted in new hair growth lasting at least six weeks in five of the seven tests, according to the findings. DNA analysis confirmed that the new hair follicles genetically matched the human donors.
The research is in its early stages, so it may be years before this science makes its way to the marketplace to help men and women with notable hair loss by age 60.
The study was published Monday in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Scientists say they have moved a step closer to banishing bald spots and reversing receding hairlines after human hair was grown in the laboratory.
A joint UK and US team was able to create new hairs from tissue samples.
Far more research is needed, but the group said its technique had the “potential to transform” the treatment of hair loss.
The study results were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
There are baldness therapies including drugs to slow the loss of hairs, and transplants, which move hair from the back of the head to cover bald spots.
The scientists at the University of Durham, in the UK, and Columbia University Medical Centre, in the US, were trying to actually grow new hairs.
Their plan was to start with material taken from the base of a hair and use it to grow many new hairs.
Tricky feat
But human hair has been tricky to grow despite successes in animal studies.
Whenever human tissue was taken from the dermal papillae, the cells which form the base of each hair follicle, the cells would transform into skin instead of growing new hairs.
However, the group found that by clumping the cells together in “3D spheroids” they would keep their hairy identity.
Tissue was taken from seven people and grown in 3D spheroids. These were then transplanted into human skin which had been grafted on to the backs of mice.
Cells were taken from the base of a follicle and used to grow new hairs
After six weeks, new hair follicles formed in five out of the seven cases and some new tiny hairs began to form.
Prof Colin Jahoda, from Durham University, told the BBC a cure for baldness was possible but it was too soon for men to be hanging up the toupee.
“It’s closer, but it’s still some way away because in terms of what people want cosmetically they’re looking for re-growth of hair that’s the same shape, the same size, as long as before, the same angle. Some of these are almost engineering solutions.
“Yeah I think it [baldness] will eventually be treatable, absolutely.”
He added: “It’s hard to say exactly how long that would take, but the fact that we’ve done it now should reawaken interest.”
Any future therapy would involve transplanting cells which have been grown in the laboratory so safety is a concern.
There would be a risk of infection and the cells could become abnormal, or even cancerous, while being grown.
Baldness cures may not be the first application of the research. Prof Jahoda believes the findings will be used to improve the quality of skin grafts used after severe burns.
Prof Angela Christiano, from Columbia University, said: “This approach has the potential to transform the medical treatment of hair loss.
“Current hair-loss medications tend to slow the loss of hair follicles or potentially stimulate the growth of existing hairs, but they do not create new hair follicles.
“Our method, in contrast, has the potential to actually grow new follicles using a patient’s own cells.”